Robert Hooke discovered cells in cork and then in living plant tissue, using an early microscope.
l Hippocrates
is called the father of medicine.
l Euglena is
an organism which exhibits the characteristics of plants and animals
both and has been kept in Protista kingdom.
l The fungi born on cowdung
are called corporphilous fungi.
l A single centrosome is
present in animal cells. It is also found in some fungi
and algae cells.
l Bone marrow is fast affected by nuclear radiations.
l The strongest muscle of the human body is the jaw muscle.
l The largest muscle of the human body is Sartorius.
l The smallest muscle of the human body is Stapedius.
l The horns of the rhinoceros are formed of keratin protein.
l The largest bone of the body
— Femur
l The smallest bone of the
body — Stapes or Stirrup (a bone
in ear)
l Algae like microcysts,
chrococcus and oscillaleria are deadly poisons
(toxic) that coexist in ponds, rivers, seas
etc and due to their
presence fishes and other aquatic living beings die.
l The smallest chromosome
among all the micro-organisms is that of algae.
l The algae chlorella can
be used in spacecraft to take proteineous food,
water and oxygen.
l The moss plant sphagnum is
used as fuel and is called peat energy.
l The plants of mosses are
also used as antiseptics.
l Cycas plant is also called Sago
Palm.
l Pine nuts, which are
extracted from pine tree, is also used as edible
substance.
l An alkalide ephedrine is
obtained from the juice of ephedra and is
utilised as medicine for people suffering from asthma.
l Tannin is
utilized in making leather and ink, while resin is extracted from
some coniferous trees and utilised in making burnish, shoe
polish, plastic, paints etc.
l There are various
gymnosperms which seem to appear extremely beautiful
and which are utilized for decorative purposes. They are
planted in gardens, in parks, on roofs etc.
l The largest ovule is that of
the plant cycas, which is a gymnosperm.
l Fungi do not contain
chlorophyll and cannot produce their own food. They
must rely on other organisms to get their food.
l Some fungi feed on decaying
organic matter, while some are parasites of
plants and animals.
l Fungi reproduce by means of spores.
These can be produced sexually or
asexually (without another fungus).
l Different types of
microscopes are light microscopes, TEMs
and SEMs. TEM shows the details of the inside of a cell. SEM shows the
details of the surface of a cell.
l Haemoglobinometer is
an instrument for recording the haemoglobin content
of blood.
l Fat cells can be stained
with Sudan III, Scharlach R and osmic
acid.
l The keratinized cells with
degenarated nuclei are constantly in the
process of flaking off the surface of the skin in the form of dandruff.
l Hassall's cells are
phagocytes found in the thymus.
l Deficiency of ATP in muscle
causes rigor mortis.
l Normovolemia refers
to normal blood volume. Decreased blood volume is
called hypovolemia and increased blood volume is called hypervolemia.
l Normal cholesterol level of
human blood is 50-180 mg per 100 ml of blood.
High level of cholesterol may lead to heart attack.
l Pneumatic bones contain
air centers and are found in birds.
l Sneezing:
The spasmodic contraction of muscles of expiration forcefully
expels air through the nose of mouth. Its stimulus may be
an irritation of nasal mucosa.
l Yawning: A
deep inspiration through widely opened mouth producing an
exaggerated depression of the lower jaw. May be
stimulated by drowsiness or fatigue, but precise
stimulus-receptor cause is unknown.
l Philip Drinker, an
American engineer, invented a tank respirator or iron
lung in 1929.
l Cyanosis is
the dark-bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membrane
due to deficiency of oxygen in blood.
l Soil fertility can be
enhanced by the use of organic material such as blue-green
algae. This technique is largely used
for growing rice
crop.
l Amphibians live on land and
water both. They are coldblooded or poikilothermal.
l Amphibians do not have
nails. Fertilization and embryonic development
always takes place in water in their case.
l The common examples of
amphibians are frog, toad, hyla and salamander.
l Snakes are
limbless and lack ears but have a keen sense of smell.
l Turtles and tortoises have
bony shells, into which they can retract their
head and limbs. Turtles are the most long-lived animals.
l Crocodiles and alligators
live in water or close to it (moist climate) and
are generally fish-eaters.
l The gharial is a
unique reptile of Indian species with a thin snout.
l The hearts of most of the
reptiles are three-chambered but the crocodile has
a four-chambered heart.
l The Ostrich is the only
living member of the genus Struthio,
while Kiwi belongs to the genus Apteryx.
l The largest living bird is Ostrich
and the smallest living bird is Humming
bird. Among the Indian birds, the Sun bird
is the smallest.
l The fastest flying bird all
over the world is Swift, while the fastest running
bird is Ostrich.
l At present the bird Dodo,
which was found in Mauritius, has become completely
extinct .
l Whales and Dolphins
are aquatic mammals. Their forelimbs are
modified as flippers and they lack hindlimbs.
l Blue whale is
the largest animal among all, while Dolphin is a highly
intelligent mammal.
l Macropus, commonly knonw as
kangaroo, is abundantly found in Australia.
l The metal magnesium is
found in the chlorophyll of plant leaves.
l The chemical substance chloroplast
is also called the nucleus of photosynthesis.
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